SCHNEIDER 140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302

W;1 8  0 30 1 7 7 7 5  9SCHNEIDER  140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302SCHNEIDER  140CPU系列处理器140CP

W;1 8 0 30 1 7 7 7 5 9
SCHNEIDER 140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302SCHNEIDER 140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302SCHNEIDER 140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302

SCHNEIDER 140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302SCHNEIDER 140CPU系列处理器140CPU31110、140CPU11303、140CPU11302

3.2.1.3 冷热数据别离怎样结束

现已有了冷热数据别离的处理计划了，那么在这一末节里咱们来看看怎样结束冷热别离。

结束冷热别离的底子进程如下：

判别数据冷热；

将冷数据刺进冷库；

将冷数据从热库中删去。

要结束这三个底子进程，咱们需求考虑以下内容：

在前面三个进程中，咱们无法百分百确实保不会出问题，因而咱们有必要经过代码来确保数据的究竟一致性。要结束究竟一致性，咱们能够在工单表中新加一个列 是否冷数据（是、否，默许：否）。首要冷热数据别离服务将找到的冷数据全都标记为是冷数据，接着服务将冷数据搬迁到冷库中，搬迁结束后就从热库中将对应的数据删掉。假定在搬迁或许删去数据的时分呈现了反常，那么咱们就需求在搬迁和删去数据的事务代码中参加重试机制（这儿一般会用干流的重试库，比方.NET中的Polly，Java中的guava-retry等）。假定屡次重试后依然不成功，那么代码能够间断冷热数据别离的实施并发出警告，或许越过不成功的数据，继续实施后续数据的搬迁。在删去不成功而且越过的状况下，很有或许会呈现在下次实施冷热数据别离的时分在冷库中刺进重复数据的状况，那么咱们就需求在刺进前判别冷库中是否存在该条数据，也能够运用数据库的幂等操作来结束刺进操作（比方MySQL数据库的 Insert …On Duplicate Key Update 语句）。

到这儿，咱们考虑一个问题，工单体系数据量巨大，假定一次性将全部冷数据刺进到冷库中的话是很慢的，有或许需求几十分钟乃至几个小时，那么处理这个问题的绑法有两种：一种是批处理，一种是多线程处理。

Tip：何为幂等？完全相同的恳求/操作，屡次实施的成果和实施一次的成果相同。

咱们先来说说批处理的办法。例如咱们的工单体系中的标明的冷数据有1000万条，那么咱们能够依照如下的进程进行处理冷热别离：

取出前1万条冷数据；

将这1万条冷数据存储到冷库中；

从热库中删去这1万条冷数据；

循环1到3，直至说有冷数据搬迁结束。

咱们再来说说对线程处理的办法。多线程处理的办法分两种，一种是设置多个不同的守时器，每个守时器会在估计的距离时刻里发起一个线程来处理数据。另一种是运用线程池，先计算出需求搬迁的冷数据总数，再依据每个线程最大搬迁数据量计算出需求多少个线程，假定所需线程数量超越线程池中线程的数量的话，那么就将线程池中的全部线程全部发起（并不是线程越多功率越高）。这两种办法的底子原理都相同，同样需求留心的问题也是相同的。

数据搬迁时应该怎样避免多个线程搬迁同一条冷数据呢？咱们能够运用锁。在工单表上增加一个 加锁线程ID 字段，用来标识当时数据正在被线程处理。线程每次在获取数据后，就需求对自己所获得的数据的加锁线程ID字段写入自己的线程ID。写入线程ID后并不能直接开始搬迁数据了，而是在搬迁数据前再查询一次自己承认的数据，这是避免向加锁线程ID字段加写入数据前被其他线程提早写入了数据，然后导致多个线程处理同一条数据的问题。再次查询后咱们就能够进行数据搬迁了，可是要留心数据搬迁所用的数据是再次查询后获得数据，而不是线程刚开始获得的数据。

到这儿，又有一个问题，假定某个线程挂掉了，锁就有很大或许没有释放（位于工单表中的冷数据没被删去），该怎样处理？其实很简单，在工单表中增加锁守时刻列来记载被承认的时刻，并设置当锁守时刻超越N分钟后（例如5分钟，N的值需求在查验环境中进行屡次查验后取平均值）就能够被其他线程从头承认。

当然这又呈现另一个问题，假定某个线程没有挂，可是处理数据的时刻也确实超时了，其他线程只知道数据承认超时了，该怎样办？咱们能够运用上一末节所说的数据库的幂等操作来结束刺进操作。

3.2.1.4 冷热数据怎样运用

这个问题处理起来也很简单，咱们能够将冷数据查询和热数据查询分红两种操作，默许只能查询热数据，当需求查询冷数据时向服务端传递一个标识来奉告需求查询冷数据。

TIP：必定不要进行冷热数据的一起查询

3.2.2 计划二：NoSQL存储

前面讲了同类型数据库冷热存储，运用NoSQL存储的原理是相同的，只不过是把冷库从联络型数据库改为了 NoSQL，进程和留心事项也是相同的。可是运用 NoSQL 存储冷库的利益是数据量不论多大，只要在 NoSQL的接受范围内，查询速度都要比联络型数据库作为冷库要快，因为咱们的冷库数据仍是许多的。现在市面上的大部分盛行 NoSQL 都适合做冷库运用，在实践项目中需求依据开发组技能水平、项目需求和运维本钱等方面来选择运用哪个 NoSQL 作为冷库。

四、总结

分区和冷热别离说完，这两种计划适合有明晰的分区或标识冷热数据的字段才运用，这个计划也覆盖了大部分项目需求，可是还有一些项目需求并不适合这两种计划，后续文章我将继续阐明记住一座城，往往只需要一个地标性建筑，它们或根植于历史深处，或投射出时代风貌，以独一无二的韵味形态，映照着这座城市的精神与文明。

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探寻世界知名建筑，ABB从未止步。欢迎大家关注《建筑是凝固的音乐》系列短片，随时了解更多建筑故事，与ABB一起环游世界。机器视觉技术，是一门涉及人工智能、神经生物学、心理物理学、计算机科学、图像处理、模式识别等诸多领域的交叉学科。机器视觉主要用计算机来模拟人的视觉功能，从客观事物的图像中提取信息，进行处理并加以理解，最终用于实际检测、测量和控制。 什么是工业相机？ 工业相机是机器视觉系统中的一个关键组件，其本质功能就是将光信号转变成有序的电信号，相当于机器视觉系统的“眼睛”。相比于传统的民用相机(摄像机)而言，工业相机(摄像机)具有高图像稳定性、高传输能力和高抗干扰能力等，市面上工业相机大多是基于CCD(Charge Coupled Device)或CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)芯片的相机。 CCD，电荷藕合器件图像传感器。它使用一种高感光度的半导体材料制成，能把光线转变成电荷，通过模数转换器芯片转换成数字信号，数字信号经过压缩以后由相机内部的闪速存储器或内置硬盘卡保存，因而可以轻而易举地把数据传输给计算机，并借助于计算机的处理手段，根据需要和想像来修改图像。

CMOS，互补性氧化金属半导体。和CCD一样，同为在数码相机中可记录光线变化的半导体。CMOS的制造技术和一般计算机芯片没什么差别，主要是利用硅和锗这两种元素所做成的半导体，使其在CMOS上共存着带N(带–电) 和 P(带+电)级的半导体，这两个互补效应所产生的电流即可被处理芯片纪录和解读成影像。

工业相机的作用 工业相机一般安装在机器流水线上代替人眼来做测量和判断，通过数字图像摄取目标转换成图像信号，传送给专用的图像处理系统，图像系统对这些信号进行各种运算来抽取目标的特征，进而根据判别的结果来控制现场的设备动作。 随着国内机器视觉行业的迅猛发展，机器视觉系统的重要组件，工业相机也同样得到了巨大的发展。数字工业相机对被摄物的大小没有限制，根据镜头的条件，既可以拍摄一般物质，也可以用于显微镜摄影。目前，工业相机的主要用途包括以下几个方面： (1)在开发产品和验证产品等：如开发金属材料及树脂材料时，用来观察材料受到冲击时内部裂纹产生的方向、状态等，可用来分析材料被破坏时物质的结构，及电子产品的工业在线检测等。 (2)包装和标签行业的印刷过程中，能够实时检测到高速印刷中细微的缺陷，以便采取措施，减少损失。常见的缺陷如划痕、灰尘、漏印、墨痕、褶皱等都可被检测出来，提高投资回报，减少废品支出，提高了客户满意度和信任度。 (3)其他领域：如机器视觉、科研、军事科学、航空航天等众多领域，尤其是在智能交通行业：超速抓拍，闯红灯电子警察、高速路口、卡扣收费等交通行业也得到了良好的使用。 工业相机的分类 企业在实际选购和使用工业相机之前，首先需要确定的就是相机的类型。下面是按照不同的行业标准进行的工业相机分类。 （1）芯片类型 分为CCD相机、CMOS相机； （2）传感器的结构特性 分为线阵相机、面阵相机； （3）按照扫描方式 分为隔行扫描相机、逐行扫描相机； （4）分辨率大小 分为普通分辨率相机、高分辨率相机； （5）输出信号方式 分为模拟相机、数字相机； （6）输出色彩 分为单色(黑白)相机、彩色相机； （7）输出信号速度 分为普通速度相机、高速相机； （8）响应频率范围 分为可见光(普通)相机、红外相机、紫外相机等。 工业相机为什么会丢帧？ 选择合适的相机也是机器视觉系统设计中的重要环节，相机的选择不仅直接决定所采集到的图像分辨率、图像质量等，同时也与整个系统的运行模式直接相关。设计不良的驱动程序或工业相机硬件可能会造成丢帧，其原因就是资料通道的堵塞，无法及时处理,所以新的图像进来时，前一张可能被迫丢弃，或是新的图像被迫丢弃。要解决这问题，需要设计者针对驱动程序与工业相机硬件资料传输的每个环节进行精密的设计。 智能相机与工业相机 智能相机(Smart Camera)并不是一台简单的相机，而是一种高度集成化的微小型机器视觉系统。它将图像的采集、处理与通信功能集成于单一相机内，从而提供了具有多功能、模块化、高可靠性、易于实现的机器视觉解决方案。同时，由于应用了最新的DSP、FPGA及大容量存储技术，其智能化程度不断提高，可满足多种机器视觉的应用需求。 工业相机与智能相机的应用场合相差不大，但使用上却有很大的差别，工业相机需要外接控制器，需要专业性比较强的软件人员来进行编程，可应对各种复杂的检测要求，而智能相机则内置简单实用的调试工具，可以独立工作而不需要外接控制器，操作简单，容易上手。ABB LGR 分析仪的优势之一在于其稳定性和便携性，这两个关键特点解释了为什么许多客户将它们用于各种机载操作。不少机载飞行监测温室气体的科学研究成果已在一些科学家撰写的论文中发表。

相比CRDS技术，LGR 专利的第四代离轴积分腔输出光谱技术（OA-ICOS）不需要实现亚纳米级的光路对准，且不需要昂贵且复杂的减振或外部压力稳定方案，即可在飞行期间提供出色的数据。ABB基于北斗卫星导航系统的ABB Ability™天然气泄漏检测车载版与无人机版解决方案，在往届中国进口博览会上成功首发后，已为中国众多城市提供了高精准燃气管网检测服务。去年，ABB又推出了“ABB全域多维立体温室气体监测管家系统”，基于多种光学吸收原理，广泛应用于从太空到陆地、从固定污染源到大气环境站、从点式到线面测量，提供 “天-地-太空” 高密度立体监测技术，精准量化来自城市、工业、基础设施和农业等各类温室气体的源汇贡献，为国家“双碳”目标落地提供告价值的基础数据与领先的技术支撑在机载式应用中，除了此次珠峰科考所采用的直升机载温室气体监测解决方案外，ABB在2018年推出了全球第一款高精度轻型无人机载温室气体分析系统。

ABB GAL133-GGA无人机载温室气体分析仪适用于大面积区域或人类难以进入区域的温室气体排放的高空测量，具有灵敏度高、灵活性高、机动性强、监测面积大等优点。GLA133-GGA无人机机载温室气体探测可对温室气体垂直廓线的直接测量，结果具有更高的垂直分辨率与检测精度。

Pm511v16 3bse01181r1 is a high-performance programmable controller, whose speed, capacity, performance and function have reached a new level. ● CPU, power supply, input and output integration, built-in high-speed processing and positioning functions. Pm511v16 3bse01181r1 input and output can be expanded to 384 points at most. Powerful expansion functions can be realized through function expansion board and special adapter. I/o acquisition module is adopted. The module can be installed near the sensor end and connected with PLC through a group of communication lines, which not only saves the cost of wiring, but also saves the i/o points of PLC itself. If the field budget of pm511v16 3bse01181r1 is limited, it is obviously more economical to use i/o acquisition module. Modular structure, providing 14 to 128 point input / output range, and can also add extended special function modules (such as analog input / output). The pm511v16 3bse01181r1 transistor output type has two 100kHz pulse sequences for servo positioning applications.

IRB 260 robot is mainly designed and optimized for packaging applications. Although it is small and can be integrated into compact packaging machinery, it can meet all your requirements in terms of reach distance and payload. With abb motion control and tracking performance, the robot is very suitable for flexible packaging systems.

Strong reliability &mdash& mdash; IRB 260 robot with long normal operation time is designed based on IRB 2400 (with more than 14000 installed) which is the most widely used industrial robot in the world.

Fast &mdash& mdash; Short operation cycle time the robot is optimized for packaging applications and equipped with ABB's unique motion control function, which greatly shortens the packaging cycle time.

High accuracy &mdash& mdash; The production quality of parts is stable. The robot has extremely high accuracy. Coupled with ABB's excellent conveyor belt tracking performance, its picking and placing accuracy is first-class whether it is in fixed position operation or in motion operation.

Powerful &mdash& mdash; Wide range of application the robot is optimized for packaging applications, with small size, fast speed and a payload of up to 30kg.

Rugged &mdash& mdash; Suitable for harsh production environment, suitable for harsh environment applications, and the protection grade reaches IP 67.

Good versatility &mdash& mdash; Flexible integration and production the robot is light in weight and low in height, which is easy to be integrated into compact packaging machinery. It has been optimized according to the packaging application, which is the inevitable choice of robot automation. Equipped with a full set of auxiliary equipment (from integrated air and signal system to gripper), abb packaging software pickmastertm can be used together. The mechanical integration is simple, and the programming is very convenient.

In 1974, ABB (then known as Asea) introduced the IRB 6, the first fully electric robot. Today, ABB has nearly 30 models of robots that meet the production needs of a wide range of industries, supported by powerful system integration capabilities and a global sales and service network in 53 countries. Recently, abb signed a supply agreement with Aker solutions, the leader of sustainable energy solutions, to provide major electrical, automation and safety systems for the northern lights project in Norway. Aker solutions is the EPC contractor of the project. The project is the first industrial carbon capture and storage project jointly constructed by Norwegian national oil company equinor, shell and total energy. It aims to develop an open and flexible infrastructure to safely store carbon dioxide emitted by European industry. The first phase of the project is planned to be completed in the middle of 2024, when 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide will be permanently stored every year, and the storage capacity of the second phase of the project will be expanded to more than 5 million tons per year. ABB's automation, electrical and digital solutions will be an important part of the aurora borealis project to help the new carbon capture terminal achieve remote operation and ensure efficient operation of the facility. With ABB's industry-leading distributed control system ABB ability ™ With the system 800xA, operators will be able to have a clearer understanding of the operation of the aurora borealis storage facilities. The real-time and historical data analysis capabilities provided by ABB system can instantly present the operation data and KPIs of the plant, so as to help operators make more accurate and wise decisions and choose the best asset and process performance optimization scheme. Abb is not only the market leader of distributed control system, but also our long-term trusted partner. It has a comprehensive understanding of our business and expertise in land, sea and seabed projects. This is our key consideration in selecting suppliers. We must entrust important remote operations to partners with rich successful experience in reliability and performance optimization, so as to lay a solid foundation for this important development plan.

In order to achieve 1.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide capture by 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by 2050, industrial carbon capture and storage capacity is undoubtedly crucial in view of the current inability to curb industrial carbon emissions. Aurora Borealis is a significant development plan, which not only helps to rebalance the carbon cycle, but also demonstrates the spirit of innovation. We are delighted to participate in this inspiring project and contribute to a safer, smarter and more sustainable future. The special transport ship will transport the captured and liquefied carbon dioxide from the emission site to the aurora borealis Ø ygarden storage facility in western Norway, and conduct remote control through equinor's sture terminal facility located about 7 kilometers away. In order to realize remote operation, abb will establish an advanced extended operator workstation in the aurora borealis storage facility, which will work together with sture's central control room to significantly shorten the response time through seamless communication and provide 24/7 remote operation.

ABB will not only provide shore power solutions, but also deploy the main electrical system through the power process management system and the integration of high and low voltage switchboards and transformers to provide power support for the whole project. From July 7 to July 10, abb appeared at the first Xiamen International Red Power new grid equipment exhibition, bringing the world's leading digital distribution solutions. This exhibition focuses on building a tight circulation platform on the supply side and demand side of China's power and electrical industry, and jointly building a new power system with the upstream and downstream of the supply chain to help achieve the "double carbon" goal.

ABB showed its leading medium and low voltage distribution products and system solutions, including ABB unigear ZS1 500mm wide medium voltage air insulated metal enclosed digital switchgear, primegear zx0 environmentally friendly gas insulated switchgear, and neogear ™ Laminated busbar scheme low voltage switchgear, ivd4 ® Innovative products and solutions such as medium voltage intelligent solutions show ABB's leading technical support for achieving China's "carbon neutrality" goal. To achieve the goal of "double carbon", we need to build a new power system with new energy as the main body. Through the Multi Strategy precise tuning innovative solution of ABB zee600 smart energy management center, we can realize the flexible and precise regulation of "source network load storage", and create a green, low-carbon, strong, reliable, intelligent, efficient, safe and comfortable smart park. Through AI big data analysis and optimization and precise regulation and management, we can maximize the local consumption of clean energy, Improve energy efficiency and help achieve carbon emission reduction goals. ABB unigear ZS1 500mm wide switchgear, a complete set of power Internet of things solutions for medium voltage air insulated switches, is only 500mm wide, with withdrawable circuit breakers, which reduces the floor area by 25%, realizes the pre assembly of two sets and improves the efficiency of on-site installation. Using ABB ability ™ Cloud technology "cares" the health of equipment throughout its life cycle, and realizes the leap forward transformation from passive operation and maintenance and preventive detection to predictive maintenance.

ABB primegear zx0 is a 10/24kv environment-friendly digital gas insulated switchgear launched by ABB in the era of digital economy and double carbon based on mature technology and in line with the concept of modern green development. This product inherits the advantages of existing GIS products and has achieved new breakthroughs in environmental protection, safety, reliability, miniaturization and intelligence. The product can be widely used in residential power distribution, rail transit, commercial construction, industry, highways, bridges and tunnels and other fields. ABB NeoGear ™ Low voltage switchgear is a revolutionary innovation of ABB group. Latest neogear ™ The switch cabinet adopts the innovative four pole laminated busbar scheme, combined with abb ability ™ The connectivity and digital capability of the platform can reduce the occupied space by 25%, reduce the heating capacity by 20%, and reduce the operation and maintenance cost by 30%.

This switch cabinet also has a "higher level" safety design. The full insulation design ensures the safety protection of all live parts. The bus components used are 92% less than those of traditional switchgear, and the electrical connectors are 90% less. On the basis of reducing costs and improving operation and maintenance efficiency, making switchgear safer has become an ideal choice for power, food and beverage, data center and other industries. In addition, ivd4 ® The medium voltage intelligent solution was also presented at the exhibition. It realized the deep integration of VD4 Vacuum Circuit Breaker with sensors and monitoring units. The integrated solution is ready to use, helping customers realize the perception of switchgear status more smoothly and intuitively. The accurate evaluation system provides targeted operation and maintenance suggestions, and brings customers a better, more reliable and safer intelligent distribution operation and management experience. High current type

The circuit topology is named for the use of inductive elements in the DC link of the low-voltage converter. The input side adopts thyristor phase-shifting control rectification to control the current of the motor, and the output side adopts forced commutation to control the frequency and phase of the motor. It can realize the four quadrant operation of the motor.

High voltage type

The step-down transformer is introduced in the front section to step down the power grid, and then connect the low-voltage frequency converter. The input side of the low-voltage frequency converter can adopt silicon controlled phase-shifting control rectification, or two tube three-phase bridge direct rectification, and the middle DC part adopts capacitor smoothing and energy storage. IGBT components are often used in inverter or converter circuits. Through SPWM transformation, alternating current with variable frequency and amplitude can be obtained, and then transformed into the voltage level required by the motor through step-up transformer. It should be pointed out that a sine wave filter (f) needs to be placed between the converter circuit and the step-up transformer, otherwise the step-up transformer will heat up due to excessive input harmonics or dv/dt, or damage the insulation of the winding. The cost of this sine wave filter is very high, which is generally equivalent to 1/3 to 1/2 of the price of low-voltage inverter.

High frequency conversion

The high-voltage converter does not need the voltage rise and fall transformer, and the power device directly constructs the converter between the power grid and the motor. Because the problem of withstand voltage of power devices is difficult to solve, the current direct method is to use devices in series to improve the voltage level. Its disadvantage is that it needs to solve the problem of voltage equalization and buffer of devices, which is complex and difficult. However, this kind of frequency converter has no voltage rise and fall transformer, so its efficiency is high, its mode is high, and its structure is relatively compact.

Vector controlled high-voltage inverter has also been applied.

Current situation abroad

Major foreign frequency converter manufacturers have formed a series of products, and their control systems have also achieved full digitalization. Almost all products have vector control function, and the perfect process level is also a foreign feature. In developed countries, as long as there are motors, there will be frequency converters at the same time. Its current development is mainly shown as follows:

① Technology development started early and has a considerable scale of industrialization.

② The frequency converter that can provide extra large power has exceeded 10000kw.

③ The technical standards of frequency conversion and speed regulation products are relatively complete.

④ The supporting industries and industries related to frequency converters have begun to take shape.

⑤ It can produce power devices in frequency converters, such as IGBT, IGCT, sgct, etc.

⑥ High voltage inverter is widely used in various industries and has achieved remarkable economic benefits.

⑦ Internationalization and localization of products have intensified.

⑧ New technologies and processes emerge in endlessly, and are widely and rapidly applied to products.

Future situation

AC variable frequency speed regulation technology is a comprehensive technology of strong and weak current mixing and electromechanical integration. It not only deals with the conversion of huge electric energy (rectification and inversion), but also deals with the collection, transformation and transmission of information. Therefore, it must be divided into two parts: success rate and control. The former should solve the technical problems related to high voltage and large current, and the latter should solve the software and hardware control problems. Therefore, in the future, high-voltage variable-frequency speed regulation technology will also be developed in these two aspects, mainly as follows:

① High voltage inverter will develop in the direction of high power, miniaturization and lightness.

② High voltage inverter will develop in two directions: direct device high voltage and multiple superposition (device series and unit series).

③ New power semiconductor devices with higher voltage and greater current will be used in high voltage converters.

④ At this stage, IGBT, IGCT and sgct will still play a major role, and SCR and GTO will withdraw from the inverter market.

⑤ The application of speed sensorless vector control, flux control and direct torque control will be mature.

⑥ Fully realize digitization and automation: parameter self setting technology; Process self optimization technology; Fault self diagnosis technology.

⑦ The application of 32-bit MCU, DSP, ASIC and other devices to achieve high-precision, multi-function inverter.

⑧ Relevant supporting industries are moving towards industrialization and large-scale development, and the social division of labor will be more obvious. With the further deepening of technical research, domestic high-voltage converters can be compared with imported converters in theory and function, but due to the limitations of technology, the gap with imported products is still obvious. These conditions are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

① Major foreign products are stepping up their occupation of the domestic market and accelerating the pace of localization.

② The R & D capacity and industrialization scale are increasing year by year.

③ The power of domestic high-voltage inverter is also increasing. At present, the domestic application has achieved 20000KW.

④ The technical standards of domestic high-voltage inverter need to be standardized.

⑤ The industry supporting high-voltage inverter is very underdeveloped.

⑥ The production process is general, which can meet the technical requirements of frequency converter products, and the price is relatively low.

⑦ The key components of power semiconductors used in frequency converters are completely imported, and will be imported for a long time.

⑧ The technological gap with developed countries is narrowing, and products with independent intellectual property rights are being applied in the national economy.

⑨ A frequency converter with the functions of instantaneous power failure recovery and fault recovery has been developed