法压壶的历史

原文网址：https://europeancoffeetrip.com/the-history-of-french-press/Let’s have a look at the brewing device that is argu

原文网址：https://europeancoffeetrip.com/the-history-of-french-press/

Let’s have a look at the brewing device that is arguably one of the most popular and the most used across family households. Most of us have it at home, or someone we know does. It is not an unknown brewing method to us, but do we know who invented it? And why is it called French Press? (And that is not its only name). From its origins to the modern ways of french-pressing, you will find all about this immersion method here.

让我们来看看这些咖啡制作工具，它可以说是最受欢迎和最常用的家庭制作工具。我们大多数人家里都有，或者我们认识的人家里有这样的制作工具。对我们来说，这不算是一种陌生的咖啡制作方法，但你知道这是谁发明的吗？它为什么叫法式压滤壶？（这还不是它唯一的名字）。从法压壶的起源到现代使用方法，你会在这里找到所有关于法压壶浸泡法的知识。

Photo – Joanna Kosinska

A legend of the French Press origin，法压壶诞生的传说

It is called the French Press, so it must be French, right? Surprisingly, both French and Italian have argued about the origins of the coffee brewer which uses a metal or a cloth screen connected to a rod that presses down coffee grounds infusing in a pot of hot water. According to a legend dating back to 1850s, it was a Frenchmen on his daily walk, preparing a pot of coffee on an open fire, who first brewed his coffee this way, although it was rather an accident.

它被称为法式压滤壶，所以它一定是起源于法国的，对吧？令人惊讶的是，法国人和意大利人都对这种咖啡制作工具的起源争论不休。这种咖啡制作工具使用金属或布做的滤网连接到一根杆子上，把壶里的咖啡渣压入壶底。根据一个可以追溯到19世纪50年代的传说，是一个法国人每天散步时在篝火上做一壶咖啡。他是第一个用这种方式煮咖啡的人，尽管这是一个意外的创造。

It went a bit like this: A Frenchmen was boiling his water when he realised he had forgotten to put the coffee in. Once added, the coffee grounds rose to the surface of the boiling pot. He wanted to save the only portion of coffee he had with him and bought a piece of metal screen from a passing-by Italian merchant. Fitting the screen over the boiling pot, he used a stick to press the screen down, together with the coffee grounds. And how was the coffee? He expected it to be terrible, but the result turned out to be the best coffee both men had ever tasted. An accident led to a discovery of a new way of brewing coffee.

事情是这样的：一个法国人在烧水的时候发现自己忘了放咖啡。一加完咖啡粉，咖啡粉就浮在了滚烫的热水的表面。他想把身上仅有的这一部分咖啡留着，于是从一个路过的意大利商人那里买了一块金属网。他把一小块纱窗安装在滚烫的壶上，用一根棍子把这一小块纱窗连同咖啡渣一起压了下去。这杯咖啡怎么样呢？他原以为咖啡的味道会很糟，但结果却是两个人喝过的最好的咖啡。就这样，一次事故导致了一种煮咖啡的新方法的发现。

Photo – Farsai C.

We chose to call the brewer by its Frenchified version despite the fact the first patent of the coffee brewer as we know it today came from Italians. French Press is also called la (a) cafetière, a coffee plunger, or a coffee press in different parts of the world. Today, it is celebrated for the ease of use, the rich brews it provides, and a certain flair that the brewer has kept throughout the times of its design development.

尽管我们今天所知道的第一个法压壶的专利来自意大利，但我们还是选择用它的法国化版本来称呼它。在世界各地，法式压滤壶也被称为 la cafetiere、coffee plunger 或 coffee Press。今天，它以其易用性、丰富的制作过程以及在设计开发过程中始终保持的独特风格而著称。

First patents dating back to 1928，第一个专利注册于1928年

The first documented origins of the “most underrated method of brewing coffee”, as James Hoffmann called it in his book ‘The World Atlas of Coffee’, date back to 1852. It was Mayer and Delforge, two Frenchmen, who had their innovation—a simpler version of the later designs—patented then.

最早记载的“最被低估的煮咖啡的方法”，正如詹姆斯·霍夫曼在他的书《咖啡世界地图集》中所说，可以追溯到1852年。两个法国人，梅耶和德尔福吉有了他们的发明——一种后来设计的简单版本——专利。

Cafetiere by Mayer and Delforge, 1852
梅耶和德尔福吉在1852年设计的法压壶

Nevertheless, it was not until 1928 in Italy that the first patents were registered by Attilio Calimani and Giulio Moneta. Their invention, similar to the very first designs by Mayer and Delforge, was characterized as a “vessel adapted to contain a liquid, as f.i. water whereinto substance to be infused, as for instance coffee in powdered form is poured with a slidable filtering member having a fit sufficiently tight within said vessel in such a manner that, causing by suitable means the said member to slide towards the bottom of the vessel the infusion will be rapidly filtered to get it ready for use.”

然而，直到1928年，意大利的阿提利奥·卡利马尼和朱利奥·蒙内塔才注册了第一个法压壶的专利。他们的发明类似于梅耶和德尔福吉的第一个设计，它的特点是“一个装水的容器，带有一个可滑动的过滤网，滤网的边缘与壶壁紧密相接，这样就可以方便地把咖啡渣快速压入壶底，把萃取好的咖啡液与咖啡渣隔离开，这样就可以把做好的咖啡倒出来喝了。

A brief look into the patents registered in the United States will tell us that many enhancements to the original brewing device had a patent applied for. All were of a similar principle, making some additional changes to the basic design of the French Press. But the next significant redesign was achieved by Faliero Bondanini.

只要看一下在美国注册的专利就会知道，原来的法压壶的许多改进都申请了专利。所有这些都有一个相似的原则，对法压壶的基本设计基础上做一些额外的改变。但是，下一个重大的新设计是由意大利人Faliero Bondanini完成的。

Attilio Calimani and Giulio Moneta's invention design

The Italian designer had his version patented in 1958. Classified under “Apparatus in which ground coffee or tea-leaves are immersed in the hot liquid in the beverage container having immersible, e.g. rotatable, filters”, the brewer that first gained popularity on the European market was produced and distributed by a French company Martin S.A. under the name Chambord.

这位意大利设计师在1958年为他的设计申请了专利。这项专利的分类是“在热水中浸泡咖啡粉或茶叶的容器，容器上附带有一个浸泡在热水里，可旋转的过滤器”，最早在欧洲市场上流行的法压壶是法国公司Martin S.A.以Chambord的名义生产和销售的。

A well-recognised design，一个公认的设计

Chambord is a classic. Many will recognise its design features—a glass vessel, a steel lid, a round handle of the rod—which has been preserved throughout times. The company Martin S.A. produced it until 1991 when the company was bought by the Danish Bodum Holding. Bodum has since 1991 kept the Chambord design alive in its range of household products, making it one of the most recognised home-brewing coffee devices.

Chambord是一个经典。许多人都知道这个法压壶的设计特点是，一个玻璃容器，一个不锈钢盖，一个固定在盖子上的圆形金属杆。直到1991年，该公司被丹麦的博丹姆控股公司收购之前一直在生产和销售该产品。自1991年以来，博丹就在其一系列的家用产品中保留了Chambord的设计，使其成为最受认可的家庭咖啡制作工具之一。

There was another, almost twin, design at the same time as the Chambord became popular, back in the 1960s. Martin S.A.’s investor Louis James de Viel Castel had another company based in Britain, called Household Articles Ltd., which produced a coffee maker under the name La Cafetière. In 1991, when Martin S.A. was bought by Bodum, de Viel Castel lost his right to distribute his product in France under any names.

在20世纪60年代，Chambord开始流行的同时，还有另一种几乎是孪生的设计。Martin S.A.的投资人卡斯特尔（Louis James de Viel Castel）在英国还有一家名为Household Articles Ltd.的公司，生产一种名为La Cafetiere的咖啡制作工具。1991年，当Martin S.A.被Bodum收购时，卡斯特尔失去了在法国以任何名义分销其产品的权利。

We can attribute the wide range of names of the brewing device to the many European countries where the French Press, la cafetière, or the coffee plunger found its permanent place on the kitchen shelves throughout times.

我们在欧洲各国的家庭里都可能会见到各种各样的咖啡制作工具，例如有French Press，Cafetière，或者是Coffee plunger，这些不同名称的咖啡制作工具实际上都是法压壶。

Photo – Kris Atomic

Is the French Press a speciality coffee brewer?，法压壶制作的咖啡是精品咖啡吗？

Recognised on the family breakfast table, does a French Press belong on the shelves of a speciality coffee aficionado?

在家庭早餐桌上能见到的法式压滤壶，是否能入得了咖啡迷的法眼？

Imagine the French Press as an entry level to coffee brewing. It is easy to use and known by people who might not even be into speciality coffee. Yet, it can produce tasty brews if certain steps are taken care of, such as the freshness of the beans and their grinding just before brewing, or the temperature of the water. The legitimacy of a French Press as a speciality coffee brewer is validated also by the aforementioned James Hoffmann, whose Youtube video tutorial for ‘The Ultimate French Press Technique’ is the most viewed one on his channel.

把法压壶当作咖啡制作的入门级工具。它很容易使用，甚至对精品咖啡都不感兴趣的人也知道它。然而，如果特别注意控制好下面几个环节，例如咖啡豆的新鲜程度和咖啡豆的研磨，以及热水的温度，法压壶也能制作出美味的咖啡。上述提到的詹姆斯•霍夫曼（James Hoffmann）也支持把法压壶看作是精品咖啡的制作工具，他在Youtube上发布的《终极法压壶制作技术》视频教程是他的频道中浏览量最多的视频。

Rite Coffee Press

Another coffee heroe we could quote is George Howell. In his beginnings with his coffee company Coffee Connections, they used French Press to serve all of their available origins. At times, there would be twelve different coffees on the filter coffee menu, all brewed with a French Press. “I don't know of any other coffee houses that were doing that at the time, there may have been,” said George Howell in his Coffee Geek interview.

我们可以引用的另一位咖啡英雄是乔治·豪厄尔。在他创办咖啡公司coffee Connections的初期，他们用法式压滤壶为所有顾客提供咖啡服务。有时，滴滤咖啡菜单上会有12种不同的咖啡，都是用法式压滤壶制作的。“可能也有过，但是我没有见到过任何一家咖啡馆这么做”，乔治•豪厄尔（George Howell）在接受咖啡极客（coffeeGeek）采访时说。

The French Press has certainly a great potential to brew a delicious cup. There are numerous manufacturers of the device, such as Bodum, but the one that allows the user a more refined brew is the Espro Press.

法压壶当然有很大的潜力来制作一杯美味咖啡。有许多制造商的产品，如博丹姆。但其中最有助于顾客做好咖啡的一个是Espro的法压壶。

The modern innovators of the French Press，法压壶的现代革新者

Espro, a company based in Vancouver, Canada, brought a reinvented version of the French Press. They installed a fine double filter and made the pot out of stainless steel. Thanks to that, the resulting beverage is without any sediment, hence providing a clean, yet full-bodied, rich cup of coffee. The Espro Press is quoted by many coffee professionals as THE French Press to use if you want to achieve a clean brew with this method, and it is, once again, the French Press of choice for Mr Hoffmann. You will find it in his aforementioned book.

总部位于加拿大温哥华的Espro公司带来了一个全新版本的法压壶。他们的法压壶里安装了一个精密的双层过滤网，并用不锈钢制作了装水的杯子。正因为如此，这个法压壶制作出来的咖啡没有任何沉淀物，咖啡液透彻，口味浓郁而丰富。Espro的法压壶被许多咖啡专业人士推荐使用。如果你想用法压壶制作出纯净的咖啡，这个是最好的选择。同样，这也是霍夫曼先生推荐的法压壶。你可以在他前面提到的书中找到这个法压壶。

Espro Press P7

There are nowadays other companies that work with the original designs to bring a new product to the market though. One to mention is Rite Coffee Press by Rite Team of California, the USA. They call their invention the ‘No Mess’ French Press. The designers thought of the one thing that makes the preparation with a French Press a pain—the cleaning.

现在也有其他公司使用原始的设计来将新产品推向市场。值得一提的是美国加州的Rite咖啡公司的Rite法压壶。Rite咖啡公司称他们设计的法压壶能做出清澈的咖啡。设计师们想到了一个重要问题是，用法压壶制作咖啡的一个最烦人的事是清洗。

Nobody likes to clean the French Press after it’s been used—a mash full of coffee grounds and the bottom of the vessel full of the coffee ‘mud’. To clean the regular French Press, you need to rinse the vessel with water and chuck it in the toilet or sieve it with an extra sieve, in order not to clock the sink. And that is why Rite Press is interesting to us. The coffee is pressed into a separate chamber when you plunge it, the coffee grounds being pushed into the bottom chamber of the vessel. This part is ‘screwed to’ the vessel so that you can remove it with the coffee grounds in it, empty them into a bin, rinse, and screw it back on. Quite clever, isn’t it?

没有人喜欢用完之后去清洗法式压滤壶，一个装满咖啡渣的糊状物，杯底装满了咖啡“泥”。要清洗普通的法式压滤壶，首先需要用水冲洗法压壶，然后把脏水和咖啡渣倒进马桶里，或者再用一个筛子筛一下，以免堵塞污水槽。这就是为什么我们对Rite的法压壶那么感兴趣。当你把咖啡渣向壶底压的时候，咖啡渣被紧紧地压入法压壶底部的一个独立“仓”里。这个独立的“仓”是通过一个螺丝扣“拧”到法压壶底部上的。这样你就可以把这个独立仓取下来，把咖啡渣倒进马桶里，冲洗干净，再拧回去。很聪明，不是吗？

Rite Team’s Kickstarter campaign goal was reached over 50 times more than required, and so it is needless to say: French Press remains a very popular method that people would like to use regularly. Without the mess, if possible.

Rite团队在Kickstarter上的众筹目标比要求的多了50多倍，所以不用多说：法压壶仍然是人们喜欢经常使用的一种非常流行的方法。如果可能就不要弄得一团糟。

Rite Coffee Press

We do and we love having a big carafe of coffee ready on our breakfast table, brewed at a minutes notice, for several people to share. There is no other manual method of brewing that allows you to get caffeinated so easily. Give it a try and tell us about your favourite French Press brand. We would love to hear about it!

我们喜欢在早餐桌上准备一大杯咖啡，经过几分钟的冲泡，供几个家人分享。没有其他手工制作咖啡的方法可以让你如此容易地获得咖啡因的满足。试一试，告诉我们你最喜欢的法压壶品牌。我们很想听到您的想法！